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Due to the enormous costs and infrastructure involved in creating globally respected Indian Institutes of Technology (IIT), in 2002 MHRD Minister Murli Manohar Joshi decided to upgrade RECs to “National Institutes of Technology” (NITs) instead of creating IITs. The success of technology-based industry led to high demand for technical and scientific education. Non-recurring expenditures and expenditures for post-graduate courses during the REC period were borne by the central government, while recurring expenditure on undergraduate courses was shared equally by central and state governments. The RECs were jointly operated by the central government and the concerned state government. It established one in Silchar in 1967 and added two others between 19, located at Hamirpur, and Jalandhar.
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The Government started fourteen RECs between 19, at Bhopal, Allahabad, Calicut, Durgapur, Kurukshetra, Jamshedpur, Jaipur, Nagpur, Rourkela, Srinagar, Surathkal, Surat, Tiruchirappalli, and Warangal). Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru sought to develop India as a leader in science and technology. The autonomy enables the NITs to set up their own curriculum, thereby making it easier to adapt to changing industry requirements. NITs function autonomously, similarly to IITs, sharing only entrance tests. Various nationwide college surveys rate most of the NITs over other colleges in India, except for the IITs and a few other institutions. NITs offer degree courses at bachelors, masters, and doctorate levels in various branches of engineering and technology.
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An IIT need not accept specified number of students from any region of India as the IIT admission criteria is based only on the performance of a student in an entrance examination. This is different than the Indian Institutes of Technology or IITs – another prominent engineering school system in India. Therefore, in the NIT school system, half of the student population in each batch is drawn from the respective state of the NIT and the other half is drawn from the rest of India on a common merit list. NITs were founded to promote regional diversity and multi-cultural understanding in India. In 2007, through another legislation, the Indian government declared these schools as Institutes of National Importance at par with the Indian Institutes of Technology. A parliamentary legislation in 2002 brought them under the direct purview of India’s federal government. Since their inception decades ago, all NITs were referred as Regional Engineering Colleges (RECs) and were governed by their respective state governments. The National Institutes of Technology ( NITs)( Hindi:राष्ट्रीय प्रौद्योगिकी संस्थान), is an engineering, science, technology and managementschool system in India comprising thirty autonomous universities located in one each major state/territory of India. Green indicates existing NITs and red indicates upcoming campuses.